Appendix A: abbreviations

A

ABEDA

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa

ACP Group

African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States

ADB

Asian Development Bank

AfDB

African Development Bank

AFESD

Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development

AG

Australia Group

Air Pollution

Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Air Pollution-Sulphur 85

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30%

Air Pollution-Sulphur 94

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

AMF

Arab Monetary Fund

AMU

Arab Maghreb Union

Antarctic Marine Living Resources

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

Antarctic Seals

Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

ANZUS

Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty

AOSIS

Alliance of Small Island States

APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Arabsat

Arab Satellite Communications Organization

ARF

ASEAN Regional Forum

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

AU

African Union

Autodin

Automatic Digital Network

B

BA

Baltic Assembly

bbl/day

barrels per day

BCIE

Central American Bank for Economic Integration

BDEAC

Central African States Development Bank

Benelux

Benelux Union

BGN

United States Board on Geographic Names

BIMSTEC

Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

Biodiversity

Convention on Biological Diversity

BIS

Bank for International Settlements

BRICS

(Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa)

BSEC

Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone

C

C

Commonwealth

CD

Community of Democracies

c.i.f.

cost, insurance, and freight

CACM

Central American Common Market

CAEU

Council of Arab Economic Unity

CAN

Andean Community

Caricom

Caribbean Community and Common Market

CB

citizen's band mobile radio communications

CBSS

Council of the Baltic Sea States

CCC

Customs Cooperation Council

CDB

Caribbean Development Bank

CE

Council of Europe

CEI

Central European Initiative

CELAC

Community of Latin America and Caribbean States

CEMA

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

CEMAC

Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa

CEPGL

Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries

CERN

European Organization for Nuclear Research

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency

CICA

Conference of Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States

CITES

see Endangered Species

Climate Change

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

COCOM

Coordinating Committee on Export Controls

COMESA

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

Comsat

Communications Satellite Corporation

CP

Colombo Plan

CPLP

Comunidade dos Paises de Lingua Portuguesa

CSN

South American Community of Nations became UNASUL - Union of South American Nations

CSTO

Collective Security Treaty Organization

CTBTO

Preparatory Commission for the Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization

CY

calendar year

D

D-8

Developing Eight

DC

developed country

DDT

dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane

Desertification

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

DIA

United States Defense Intelligence Agency

DSN

Defense Switched Network

DST

daylight savings time

DWT

deadweight ton

E

EAC

East African Community

EADB

East African Development Bank

EAEC

Eurasian Economic Community

EAPC

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

EAS

East Asia Summit

EBRD

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EC

European Community or European Commission

ECA

Economic Commission for Africa

ECB

European Central Bank

ECE

Economic Commission for Europe

ECLAC

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

ECO

Economic Cooperation Organization

ECOSOC

Economic and Social Council

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States

ECSC

European Coal and Steel Community

EE

Eastern Europe

EEC

European Economic Community

EEZ

exclusive economic zone

EFTA

European Free Trade Association

EIB

European Investment Bank

EITI

Extractive Industry Trnsparency Iniative

EMU

European Monetary Union

Endangered Species

Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

Entente

Council of the Entente

Environmental Modification

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

ESA

European Space Agency

ESCAP

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESCWA

Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

est.

estimate

EU

European Union

Euratom

European Atomic Energy Community

Eutelsat

European Telecommunications Satellite Organization

Ex-Im

Export-Import Bank of the United States

F

f.o.b.

free on board

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

FATF

Financial Action Task Force

FAX

facsimile

FLS

Front Line States

FOC

flags of convenience

FSU

former Soviet Union

FY

fiscal year

FZ

Franc Zone

G

G-3

Group of 3

G-5

Group of 5

G-6

Group of 6

G-7

Group of 7

G-8

Group of 8

G-9

Group of 9

G-10

Group of 10

G-15

Group of 15

G-11

Group of 11

G-20

Group of 20

G-24

Group of 24

G-77

Group of 77

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; now WTO

GCC

Gulf Cooperation Council

GCN

Global Caribbean Network

GCTU

General Confederation of Trade Unions

GDP

gross domestic product

GMT

Greenwich Mean Time

GNP

gross national product

GRT

gross register ton

GSM

global system for mobile cellular communications

GUAM

Organization for Democracy and Economic Development; acronym for member states - Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova

GWP

gross world product

H

Hazardous Wastes

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

HF

high-frequency

HIV/AIDS

human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome

I

IADB

Inter-American Development Bank

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

IANA

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

IBRD

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

ICC

International Chamber of Commerce

ICCt

International Criminal Court

ICJ

International Court of Justice (World Court)

ICRC

International Committee of the Red Cross

ICRM

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

ICSID

International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes

ICTR

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

ICTY

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

IDA

International Development Association

IDB

Islamic Development Bank

IDP

Internally Displaced Person

IEA

International Energy Agency

IFAD

International Fund for Agricultural Development

IFC

International Finance Corporation

IFRCS

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

IGAD

Inter-Governmental Authority on Development

IHO

International Hydrographic Organization

ILO

International Labor Organization

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IMO

International Maritime Organization

IMSO

International Mobile Satellite Organization

Inmarsat

International Maritime Satellite Organization

InOC

Indian Ocean Commission

Intelsat

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization

Interpol

International Criminal Police Organization

Intersputnik

International Organization of Space Communications

IOC

International Olympic Committee

IOM

International Organization for Migration

IPU

Inter-Parliamentary Union

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

ISP

Internet Service Provider

ITC

International Trade Center

ITSO

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

ITUC

International Trade Union Confederation, the successor to ICFTU (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions) and the WCL (World Confederation of Labor)

J

K

kHz

kilohertz

km

kilometer

kW

kilowatt

kWh

kilowatt-hour

L

LAES

Latin American and Caribbean Economic System

LAIA

Latin American Integration Association

LAS

League of Arab States

Law of the Sea

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

LDC

less developed country

LLDC

least developed country

London Convention

see Marine Dumping

LOS

see Law of the Sea

M

m

meter

Marecs

Maritime European Communications Satellite

Marine Dumping

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter

Marine Life Conservation

Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas

MARPOL

see Ship Pollution

Medarabtel

Middle East Telecommunications Project of the International Telecommunications Union

Mercosur

Southern Cone Common Market

MHz

megahertz

MICAH

International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti

MIGA

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

MINURCAT

United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad

MINURSO

United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara

MINUSTAH

United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti

MONUSCO

United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

N

NA

not available

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NAM

Nonaligned Movement

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NC

Nordic Council

NEA

Nuclear Energy Agency

NEGL

negligible

NGA

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

NGO

nongovernmental organization

NIB

Nordic Investment Bank

NIC

newly industrializing country

NIE

newly industrializing economy

NIS

new independent states

nm

nautical mile

NMT

Nordic Mobile Telephone

NSG

Nuclear Suppliers Group

Nuclear Test Ban

Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water

NZ

New Zealand

O

OAPEC

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries

OAS

Organization of American States

OAU

Organization of African Unity; see African Union

ODA

official development assistance

OECD

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OECS

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States

OHCHR

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

OIC

Organization of the Islamic Conference

OIF

International Organization of the French-speaking World

OOF

other official flows

OPANAL

Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean

OPCW

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OSCE

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

Ozone Layer Protection

Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

P

PCA

Permanent Court of Arbitration

PFP

Partnership for Peace

PIF

Pacific Islands Forum

PPP

purchasing power parity

Q

R

Ramsar

see Wetlands

RG

Rio Group

S

SAARC

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

SACEP

South Asia Co-operative Environment Program

SACU

Southern African Customs Union

SADC

Southern African Development Community

SAFE

South African Far East Cable

SCO

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

SECI

Southeast European Cooperative Initiative

SELEC

Convention of the Southeast European Law Enforcement Centers (successor to SECI)

SHF

super-high-frequency

Ship Pollution

Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)

SICA

Central American Integration System

Sparteca

South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement

SPC

Secretariat of the Pacific Communities

SPF

South Pacific Forum

sq km

square kilometer

sq mi

square mile

T

TAT

Trans-Atlantic Telephone

TEU

Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit, a unit of measure for containerized cargo capacity

Tropical Timber 83

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

Tropical Timber 94

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

U

UAE

United Arab Emirates

UDEAC

Central African Customs and Economic Union

UHF

ultra-high-frequency

UK

United Kingdom

UN

United Nations

UN-AIDS

Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS

UNAMA

United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan

UNAMID

African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

UNASUR

Union of South American Nations

UNCLOS

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also know as LOS

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDCP

United Nations Drug Control Program

UNDEF

United Nations Democracy Fund

UNDOF

United Nations Disengagement Observer Force

UNDP

United Nations Development Program

UNEP

United Nations Environment Program

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

UNFICYP

United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus

UNFPA

United Nations Population Fund

UN-Habitat

United Nations Center for Human Settlements

UNHCR

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF

United Nations Children's Fund

UNICRI

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute

UNIDIR

United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

UNIFIL

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

UNISFA

United Nations Interim Force for Abyei

UNITAR

United Nations Institute for Training and Research

UNMIK

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo

UNMIL

United Nations Mission in Liberia

UNMIS

United Nations Mission in the Sudan

UNMISS

United Nations Mission in South Sudan

UNMIT

United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste

UNMOGIP

United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan

UNOCI

United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire

UNODC

United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime

UNOPS

United Nations Office of Project Services

UNRISD

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development

UNRWA

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

UNSC

United Nations Security Council

UNSSC

Untied Nations System Staff College

UNTSO

United Nations Truce Supervision Organization

UNU

United Nations University

UNWTO

World Tourism Organization

UPU

Universal Postal Union

US

United States

USSR

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union); used for information dated before 25 December 1991

UTC

Coordinated Universal Time

UV

ultra violet

V

VHF

very-high-frequency

VSAT

very small aperture terminal

W

WADB

West African Development Bank

WAEMU

West African Economic and Monetary Union

WCL

World Confederation of Labor

WCO

World Customs Organization

Wetlands

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat

WEU

Western European Union

WFP

World Food Program

WFTU

World Federation of Trade Unions

Whaling

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

WHO

World Health Organization

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WMO

World Meteorological Organization

WP

Warsaw Pact

WTO

World Trade Organization

X

Y

Z

ZC

Zangger Committee